Detailed plan is the most guiding and systematic tool for implementation of a city master plan. Despite of its importance certain evaluation of its efficiency has rarely been done. In order to fulfill the objectives of a detailed plan, its success, strengths and weaknesses should be scientifically assessed. There is a gap between planning of a detailed plan and its execution, resulting from the missing link in the PROCESS of urban planning and the implementation of urban plans.Therefore, to achieve a dynamic continuous and flexible planning and minimize the gap, the evaluation of detailed plans before and during the PROCESS of its implementation is a necessary task for urban managers.This paper aims to assess the detailed plan of region 6 of Shiraz by using an integrated method. By studying comprehensive methods for evaluating urban plans and reviewing the literature related to the different methods and techniques, a combination of the two methods of "Plan PROCESS Result" and "Plan/Policy Implementation Program" are selected for assessment the efficiency of the mentioned case study. The next step was to introduce and select the suitable evaluation criteria according to the situation and the conditions of the detailed plan of region 6. The detailed plan of Shiraz was first prepared by one of the consulting urban planning firm in 1372 and revised in 1383. The main aim of this new plan with regard to region 6 was to enhance the importance of the region in the West of Shiraz. To do this, the objectives of improvements of physical, environmental, social and urban management based on public participation were considered To gather and analysis the data needed for the study, different techniques had been used such as content analysis of master and detailed plans related to the selected criteria, interview techniques and some field studies. Factor analysis and analyzing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (S.W.O.T) and also AHP method are used for examination of the procedures. The results of the study show that the conformity, internal and external consistency have gained high score in relation to other criteria such as connectivity, urban development direction, human and financial resources and user participation which the two latter have got the lowest scores. AHP method was selected for determining the weight of the criteria the scores are as below: conformity (./26), internal consistency (./38), connectivity (./.96), external consistency (./145), Urban development direction (./.43), human and financial resources and commitments (./.27) and public participation (./.41).To reduce the deficiency of detailed plans, it is recommended to use social plans for a better public participation in urban planning. Also a systematic approach and providing strategic plans instead of physical plant are useful.Increasing financial resources and paying attention to local organization are the most important tools for managing the implementation of detailed plans. The results In addition to examining the strengths and weaknesses of the preparation and implementation of the detailed plan, the PROCESS of urban detailed project evaluation suggests that it can be used in the evaluation of similar projects.

How to profoundly change the beliefs of the polytheists during the age of revelation from the denial of the Prophet (pbuh) to the certainty of his Message and the acceptance of his full guardianship is a question worthy of attention. The order of verses about prophecy based on the order of revelation is the reason to lead a transformative PROCESS and a special Quranic method in institutionalizing the belief of prophecy in the lives of Arabs. In the first stage, the Holy Quran in the first Makkī (Arabic: المکّیّ, suras revealed in Mecca) chapters has prepared the community from the motivational side to accept the truth of the Prophet’s (pbuh) prophecy and briefly stating the key issues surrounding it. The Holy Book of Quran at the time of the emergence of oppositions and doubts (the second stage) destroyed the arguments of the polytheists and explained the prophecy and proved its authenticity from a cognitive perspective in the second stage by presenting clear arguments. and the Holy Book of Quran in the third stage after Madanī (Arabic: المدنیّ, suras revealed in Medina) period has undertaken measures in order to fulfill the goals of the Massage by explaining the true position of the Prophet (pbuh) to deepen and operationalize the Prophetic belief through explaining practical duties for the Prophet (pbuh) and behavior based on the acceptance of Walaya (Arabic: ولایة, meaning “guardianship” or “governance”).

Introduction: So far, many evaluation methodologies for assessing urban plans have been introduced, but comprehensive and systematic evaluation methodologies up to now have received little attention. In recent years the Plan - PROCESS - Results (PPR) approach as a comprehensive and systematic evaluation methodology based on the Policy- Plan/Programme-Implementation-PROCESS ((PPIP)) methodology has been used in the assessment of urban plans. The (PPIP) model criteria - conformity, rational PROCESS, optimality ex-ante, optimality ex-post and utilization-in planning the subsequent questions of policy, plan or programme, or the planning PROCESS under study and its results are considered. Despite the influence of (PPIP) model in the planning literature, from the early 1990s to the best of our knowledge (PPIP) has not been used in real case studies, or not reported but PPR methodology since the two cities, Lisbon and Porto are applied.

Background: Leishmaniasis is important vector-borne parasitic disease worldwide, caused by the genus Leishmania. The objective of the current study was to identify genetic polymorphism in L. major, one of the species causing cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), isolated from southeastern Iran, using Permissively Primed Intergenic Polymorphic-Polymerase Chain Reaction ((PPIP)-PCR) method. Methods: Overall, 340 patients with suspected CL were examined. They referred to the Central Laboratory in Chabahar, Iran during Apr 2013 to Feb 2014. Microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained slides from lesions as well as aspirates cultured in Novy-Mac Neal-Nicolle (NNN) Media was employed in order to diagnose CL in these patients. Our analyses detected 86 suspected subjects as having CL from which 35 isolates were cultured successfully. (PPIP)-PCR method was performed on extracted genomic DNA from selected isolates in order to determine the genetic polymorphism among L. major isolates. Results: The electrophoresis patterns demonstrated two genetic profiles including A or A1 patterns between all samples tested. Frequency of A and A1 sub-types were 33 (94. 3%) and two (5. 7%), respectively. Conclusion: Both host and parasite factors may contribute to the clinical profile of human leishmaniasis in the endemic foci of the disease. Here we showed that genetic variations pertaining to the Leishmania parasites might determine, in part, the clinical outcomes of human leishmaniasis.

Background: Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is a polymorphic disease that may show various clinical manifestations. Although it is suggested that the genetic variability of the parasite is one of the factors influencing clinical manifestations of leishmaniasis, no data exists regarding genetic polymorphism of Leishmania major (L. major). This study investigates the determination of genetic variations within the species of L. major isolates from different cases of ZCL in two hyper-endemic areas of Iran.Methods: A variety of nucleic acid detection methods that target both DNA and RNA have been developed. Among these, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method proved to be a highly sensitive and specific technique. Species identification was based on permissively primed intergenic polymorphic-polymerase chain reaction ((PPIP)-PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of amplified internal transcribed spacer (ITS-RFLP) in the ribosomal operon of L. major from clinically different forms of ZCL. The DNA products were amplified by PCR, followed by digestion of the PCR product with restriction enzymes. The profiles were visualized in agarose gel under ultraviolet (UV) light.Results: The PCR product obtained for all isolates was about 1060 bp in size. Different patterns of (PPIP)-PCR and ITS-RFLP in the ribosomal operon were classified as I, II, III, IV, and V. This classification was according to the number and localization of bands. Results of this research detected the genetic and clinical polymorphism of L. major, and showed that strain A was more frequent than other strains.Conclusion: The L. major causing ZCL in Isfahan, Iran is genetically a highly polymorphic species and (PPIP)-PCR exposed more genetic polymorphism among clinical samples in Isfahan, Iran.

Resistance is one of the fundamental Quranic values in the cause of the development of the Islamic society and the formation of the Islamic civilization, which means standing and resisting against something has upset the balance in internal and external dimensions. The formation of this value in the society as one of the methods of the conventional model of human life in the fields of human life; So that its manifestation can be observed in the totality of social behaviors, it is called the culture of resistance (Problem statement). The purpose of this article is the achievement of the engineering PROCESS of this value in a society based on the growth-oriented thought (ideological) system of the Holy Quran (Purpose). Now the question is what PROCESS does the Holy Quran propose in order to engineer the culture of resistance in the society? (Question). The necessity of examining this issue is clear considering the emphasis of religious teachings on this value and the need for Islamic societies, especially considering the current conditions of Islam and the need for convergence and coordination between the resistance front (Necessity). The research method in stating the engineering PROCESS and its components is qualitative content analysis with an analogy approach (Method). The findings of the research show that the engineering PROCESS of resistance culture is based on a self-awareness and purposefulness, according to the idea of Quranic growth, in a three-stage PROCESS that leads to the happiness of man and human society (Conclusion).